8.1.1 Exit lighting
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.1
The exit lighting shall be positioned so that the failure of any single lighting unit will not leave any area in darkness. For essential areas such as exit staircases, internal and external passageways, there shall be no interruption of illumination exceeding 1 sec during the changeover from one energy source to another. This will ensure occupants can see their way down via exit staircase without fear of tripping.
a. Exits of all buildings, except for PG I, shall be provided with artificial lighting
facilities to the satisfaction of the requirements under this Code.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.1a. : Exit lighting
Axonometric View
Figure 8.1.1a. - 1
Axonometric View
Figure 8.1.1a. - 2
1. When a fire occurs in a building, the degree of visibility in corridors, staircases and passageways plays a vital part in facilitating evacuation of occupants.
2. Street lighting should not be relied upon to provide the emergency lighting as they could malfunction or there could be district power failure during an emergency or they could be shaded by trees/building structures. All buildings shall be self-sufficient in the provision of artificial lighting without any reliance on other or external sources.
b. The minimum illuminance to be provided for all exits and the spacing for luminaires shall be in accordance with the requirements in SS 563.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.1b. : Exit lighting
( No illustration )
SS.563 requires that horizontal illuminance in the centre line of any escape route shall not be less than 0.5 lux, measured at the floor, for minimum duration of 1 hour.
The positioning of lighting shall be so arranged that the failure of any single lighting unit, such as the burning out of a bulb, will not leave any area in darkness.
Exit areas, such as exit staircases, internal and external exit passageways, are critical areas, there shall be no interruption of illumination exceeding 1 second during the changeover from one energy source to another. This would help ensure the occupants to see their way for example, down the exit staircases without fear of tripping. For ease of reference, the value of 1 foot candle is equivalent to 10 lux, measured at the floor.
c. The delay between the failure of the electrical supply to normal lighting and the energisation of the exit lighting shall not exceed 1 sec.
8.1.2 Emergency lighting for corridors and lobbies
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.2 : Emergency lighting for corridors & lobbies
( No illustration )
The requirements for provision of emergency lighting for corridors and lobbies in respect of:
a. min. level of luminance;
b. spacing of luminaires; and
c. delay (1 second) for the emergency lighting are similar to C.8.1.1.
Corridors and lobbies, including routes of escape, smoke-stop lobbies, common lobbies, are required to have min. 0.5 lux, measured at the floor, for minimum duration of 1 hour, notwithstanding that residents may be presumed to be familiar with exit facilities by reason of regular usage of such facilities.
The emergency lighting system shall be so arranged to provide the required illumination by means of standby generator set upon failure of public utility supply. The changeover from one energy source to another shall not incur a delay of more than 15 secs. This is considered a reasonable short time for the generating plant to start. However, where battery packs are used for emergency power, they must be the type that will automatically be kept charged and be able to perform for a minimum duration of 1 hour.
a. Emergency lighting shall be provided in all corridors and lobbies of all buildings except PG I.
b. The minimum level of illuminance, the spacing of luminaires and the maximum delay for emergency lighting required in this clause shall be the same as that for the exit lighting.
8.1.3 Emergency lighting for occupied areas
a. For all buildings except PG I or II, emergency lighting shall be provided in the occupied areas following the requirements below:
(1) along paths leading to corridors, lobbies and exits in all occupied areas where the direct distance from the entry point of the corridor, lobby or exit to the furthest point in the area concerned exceeds 13m; or
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.3a.(1) : Emergency lighting for occupied areas
.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=f8860388_1 "Fg.8.1.3a(1)")
Figure 8.1.3a.(1)
Room having a direct distance > 13m and designed with defined escape path shall be provided with emergency lighting.
(2) over the whole of such area if there are no explicit paths leading to corridors, lobbies and exits.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.3a.(2) : Emergency lighting for occupied areas
.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=319c2742_1 "Fg.8.1.3a(2)")
Figure 8.1.3a.(2)
Room having a direct distance > 13m and not provided with defined escape path or where escape path is not defined, emergency lighting shall be provided to cover the whole floor space. The level of illuminance shall comply with SS 563.
b. The provision of emergency lighting is exempted for:
(1) open-to-sky roof terrace/ garden; and
(2) open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves).
Effective Date: 01 Mar 2019
Amendment History
| 8.1.3b |
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01 Mar 2019 |
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c. Notwithstanding the requirements in Cl.8.1.3a. above, emergency lighting shall be provided in the following
locations:
(1) Lift cars as stipulated in this Code;
(2) Fire Command Centres;
(3) Generator rooms;
(4) Basement and aboveground multi-storey car parks;
(5) Fire pump rooms; and
(6) Areas of refuge within the same building.
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.3c
The emergency lighting enable the occupants/maintenance personnel in the mentioned locations to evacuate safely in times of power failure. In addition, the emergency lighting will help firefighters to gain access into any of these rooms or spaces for firefighting or operations purposes.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.3c. : Emergency lighting for occupied areas
( No illustration )
Emergency lighting is required to be provided to lift car, generator rooms & fire pump rooms to enable maintenance personnel to evacuate safely in times of emergency. The emergency lighting would help firefighters if there is a need to gain access into any of these rooms or spaces.
Basement car parks are also required to be provided with emergency lighting regardless of the floor area. It would help to lead public to the nearest exit escape routes. Car lighting cannot be taken and relied upon as emergency lighting.
d. The minimum level of illuminance shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.
e. The delay between the failure of the electrical supply to normal lighting and the energisation of the emergency lighting for occupied areas shall not exceed 15 secs.
8.1.4 Emergency lighting for firefighting facilities
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.4
The purpose of illuminating these locations is to facilitate the occupants and/or firefighters to readily locate fire protection devices and firefighting equipment when normal power supply is interrupted during a fire emergency.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.4 : Emergency lighting for firefighting facilities
Section
Figure 8.1.4 : Emergency lighting to breeching inlets/alarm call point
The emergency lighting system shall be so arranged as to provide the required illumination automatically at places where firefighting facilities are provided e.g. breeching inlets, fire alarm panels, fire alarm call points etc..
This is to facilitate the occupants and firefighters to locate the firefighting facilities. The emergency illumination shall not incur a delay of more than 15 secs during the changeover from normal supply to secondary source via generator supply.
a. Fire alarm panels, fire alarm call points and firefighting equipment shall be
adequately illuminated at all times so that they can be readily located.
b. The minimum level of illuminance shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.
c. The delay between the failure of the electrical supply to normal lighting and the energisation of the emergency lighting for firefighting facilities shall not exceed 15 secs.
8.1.5 Secondary source of power supply
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.5 : Secondary source of power supply
( No illustration )
1. Where maintenance of illumination depends upon changing from normal power supply to secondary source via generator sets, there should be minimal delay during the switch over, which should not exceed 15 secs.
2. The emergency lighting system shall be capable of maintaining a supply of at least 1 hour, long enough for evacuation of occupants and to serve the initial stage of firefighting.
3. Generally, the time for changeover should not exceed 15 secs for emergency lighting to be provided at occupied areas and at places where immediate visibility is not essential. As for critical areas such as exit points and along defined exit routes, the minimum level of lighting must be available at all times so that occupants would not panic when making their escape.
a. The delay for energisation of the exit and emergency lighting systems between normal supply and the secondary source shall be as stipulated in the relevant clauses.
b. Duration of the secondary source of power supply shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.
c. Location, arrangement and control, installation of electrical wiring of the secondary source of supply, be it in the form of battery, standby generator, inverter or other accepted equipment, shall comply with the requirements in SS 563.
All exit and emergency luminaires required by this Code shall be of approved type as
specified in SS 563.
8.1.7 Exit and exit directional signs
(1) The entrance to every exit on every floor shall be clearly indicated by an exit sign placed over the exit door. Such signs shall be placed so as to be clearly visible at all times.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.7a.(1) : Exit & directional signs
.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=9fa80ae3_1 "Fg.8.1.7a(1)")
Figure 8.1.7a.(1) : Exit signs to exit on every floor
Decorations, furnishings or equipment, which impair visibility of an exit sign shall not be allowed; nor shall there be any brightly illuminated sign (for other than exit purposes), display or object in or near the line of vision to the required exit sign.
(2) Exit sign shall be provided over all the exit access doors for rooms with more than one door. (See Diagram 8.1.7a.(2))
(3) Exit sign shall be provided over final discharge door within exit enclosure such as exit staircase and internal exit passageway having other exit/ exit access door opening into the exit enclosure at the discharge floor (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)).
Effective Date: 1 Mar 2023
Amendment History
| 8.1.7a.(3) |
1 Mar 2023 |
1 Mar 2023 |
Revised/Clarification |
Exit and exit directional signs
a. Exit sign
(1) …………
(2) ………..
(3) Exemption
Exit sign is not required under the
following situations:
(a) PG I and II buildings
(b) Room provided with
emergency lighting
(i) When a room is provided
with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(b)(i)); or
(ii) When a room or internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(c) Room without emergency
lighting
(i) When a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest distance in the room to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(i) – 1 & 2);
(ii) When the furthest point in the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(ii)):
• an internal corridor covered by emergency lighting,
• an external corridor, or
• the external of the building.
(iii) When an internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(d) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves). |
1 Mar 2023 |
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(4) Exemption
Exit sign is not required under the following situations:
Amendment History
| 8.1.7a.(3) |
1 Mar 2023 |
1 Mar 2023 |
Revised/Clarification |
Exit and exit directional signs
a. Exit sign
(1) …………
(2) ………..
(3) Exemption
Exit sign is not required under the
following situations:
(a) PG I and II buildings
(b) Room provided with
emergency lighting
(i) When a room is provided
with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(b)(i)); or
(ii) When a room or internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(c) Room without emergency
lighting
(i) When a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest distance in the room to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(i) – 1 & 2);
(ii) When the furthest point in the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(ii)):
• an internal corridor covered by emergency lighting,
• an external corridor, or
• the external of the building.
(iii) When an internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(d) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves). |
1 Mar 2023 |
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(a) PG I and II buildings
(b) Room provided with emergency lighting
When a room is provided with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(b).
(c) Room without emergency lighting
(i) When a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest distance in the room to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(c)(i) – 1 & 2); or
(ii) When the furthest point in the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(c)(ii)):
• an internal corridor covered by emergency lighting,
• an external corridor, or
• the external of the building.
Amendment History
| 8.1.7a.(3) |
1 Mar 2023 |
1 Mar 2023 |
Revised/Clarification |
Exit and exit directional signs
a. Exit sign
(1) …………
(2) ………..
(3) Exemption
Exit sign is not required under the
following situations:
(a) PG I and II buildings
(b) Room provided with
emergency lighting
(i) When a room is provided
with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(b)(i)); or
(ii) When a room or internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(c) Room without emergency
lighting
(i) When a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest distance in the room to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(i) – 1 & 2);
(ii) When the furthest point in the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(ii)):
• an internal corridor covered by emergency lighting,
• an external corridor, or
• the external of the building.
(iii) When an internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(d) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves). |
1 Mar 2023 |
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(d) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves).
(e) When a room or internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(f) Exit enclosure such as exit staircase and internal exit passageway not provided with final discharge door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(4)(f)).
Amendment History
| 8.1.7a.(3) |
1 Mar 2023 |
1 Mar 2023 |
Revised/Clarification |
Exit and exit directional signs
a. Exit sign
(1) …………
(2) ………..
(3) Exemption
Exit sign is not required under the
following situations:
(a) PG I and II buildings
(b) Room provided with
emergency lighting
(i) When a room is provided
with only one door (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(b)(i)); or
(ii) When a room or internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(c) Room without emergency
lighting
(i) When a room is provided with only one door and the direct distance from the furthest distance in the room to the exit access door is 7m or less (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(i) – 1 & 2);
(ii) When the furthest point in the room to the exit access door is 13m or less and wall of the room comprises not less than 50% clear glazing facing (see Diagram 8.1.7a.(3)(c)(ii)):
• an internal corridor covered by emergency lighting,
• an external corridor, or
• the external of the building.
(iii) When an internal space is fully open towards an external corridor or the external of a building.
(d) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves). |
1 Mar 2023 |
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|
(1) In long corridors, in open floor areas, and in all situations where the location of the exits may not be readily visible, directional signs shall be provided to serve as guides from all portions of the corridors or floors. (See Diagram 8.1.7b.(1))
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.7b.(1) : Exit & directional signs
-1.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=5ffbf138_1 "Fg.8.1.7b(1)-1")
Figure 8.1.7b.(1) - 1
-2.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=a37d5807_1 "Fg.8.1.7b(1)-2")
Figure 8.1.7b.(1) - 2
The above show a few variations of the placing of exit / directional signs. Access to exits shall be marked by readily visible signs in all cases where the exit or way to reach it is not immediately visible to the occupants. Sign placement shall be such that no point along the exit route is more than 30m from the nearest visible sign.
-3.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=5c7d4d5d_1 "Fg.8.1.7b(1)-3")
Figure 8.1.7b.(1) - 3
In factory/warehouse premises, with high storage rack areas ,the vision to exits and directional exit signs may be blocked, hence the signs are shifted or additional signs should be provided to help occupants to evacuate in times of emergency.
-4.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=2e3d4b39_1 "Fg.8.1.7b(1)-4")
Figure 8.1.7b.(1) - 4
In shopping centre/institutional occupancy areas, exit directional signs are to be placed at strategic locations so that members of public/shoppers could rely on the signs to evacuate in times of emergency.
(2) In rooms where the line of sight to the exit access door is obstructed, directional sign shall be provided.
(3) Exemption
Directional sign is not required under the following situations:
(a) PG I and II buildings.
(b) Open-to-sky roof terrace/ garden.
(c) Open-sided single storey building, with floor area not exceeding 200m2 and openings that constitute at least 80% of the perimeter wall area (measured along the roof eaves).
c. Low level signs
Additional low level or floor-mounted exit and exit directional signs shall be provided in hotel accommodation floors including boarding houses.
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.7c
Low level or floor-mounted signs are not intended to replace standard exit signs but are designed to aid building occupants to get to the exits should smoke obscure the exits and exit directional signs mounted at above door height.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.7c. : Exit & directional signs
Figure 8.1.7c. : Low level signs
This requirement is mandatory for hotel usage, although it is not applicable to public resort occupancies, it would be a good practice to have it.
1. Such signs strategically located in the common corridor would help the occupants to find their way to the floor exits should smoke obscure the exits & exit directional signs normally mounted at above door height.
2. Low-level or floor mounted signs are not intended to replace standard exit signs but are designed to aid building occupants to get to the exit in a smoke-filled environment.
3.The bottom of the low-level sign shall be not less than 150mm or more than 200mm above the floor level. It shall be placed at not more than 10m interval. For exit doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest edge of the sign within 100mm of the door frame.
d. Signs within exit staircase
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.7d
The purpose of providing signage within exit staircases is to prevent occupants from travelling beyond the discharge level into the basement. The signage helps to inform occupants in the exit staircase enclosure on the level of exit discharge to the safe external space.
(1) Where the SCDF has allowed under Cl.2.3.5d. for upper storey staircase to be continuous with that serving the basement, appropriate
signage, including pictorials, shall be placed at strategic location inside the staircase to direct occupants out of the building in times of emergency.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.7d.(1) : Exit & directional signs
-1.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=5a430b04_1 "Fg.8.1.7d(1)-1")
Figure 8.1.7d.(1) - 1
This can be done by placing a physical barrier to prevent occupants from continuing below the level of exit discharge into the basement. This helps to warn occupants in the staircase enclosure that they are on the level of exit discharge.
Cl.2.3.5d. allows upper storey staircase to be continuous with that serving the basement, which is naturally ventilated.
To prevent occupants exiting continuously from upper storeys into the basement floor during an emergency, a physical barrier in the form of a door or a gate (as shown above) could be provided across the staircase landing at ground level to separate the discharge route of upper storeys from the basement staircase.
In addition, appropriate signage should be provided inside the staircase enclosure to direct occupants out of the building at ground level.
Applicable to staircase serving more than 4 storeys inclusive of basement.
-2.tmb-firecode.png?Culture=en&sfvrsn=723389ee_1 "Fg.8.1.7d(1)-2")
Figure 8.1.7d.(1) - 2
(2) Where the direction of travel to exit discharge is upward, the staircase signage required under Cl.2.3.1b. shall comply with SS 508.
e. Electrically-powered exit and directional signs
The legends, dimensions, design and installation of electrically-powered exit and directional signs shall comply with SS 563. Either graphic or text format can be used for the design of the signage.
f. Self-luminous sign
The use of self-luminous exit and directional signs powered by radioactive material are permitted in buildings, provided the signs comply with UL 924, SS 563 and SS 508 (Part 1, 2, 3 & 5). Either graphic or text format can be used for the design of the signage. In addition, SS 563 Part 1 shall be complied with for determination of the viewing distance with distance factor (Z) fixed at 50.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Viewing Distance
Viewing distance is derived as follows:
I = z0h, where I (m) is the viewing distance; z0 is the distance factor with observation position normal to the centre of the pictogram /‘EXIT’ legend, and h (m) is the height of pictogram / ‘EXIT’ legend
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Note to QPs on Clause 8.1.7f
Note to QPs
Clause 8.1.7f
With the withdrawn of BS 5499 Part 2, all self-illuminating exit and directional signs powered by radioactive materials shall comply and tested to the testing standard UL 924. For radioactive materials to be permitted, such material shall meet the minimum 50 lux illuminance. Where the minimum 50 lux illuminance is not achievable, such signs shall be externally lit by a nearby emergency luminaires.
8.1.8 Photoluminescent marking
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Rationale - Clause 8.1.8
The provision of photoluminescent marking/tape was introduced to eliminate total darkness scenario where all essential emergency lighting failed during a fire emergency.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.8 : Photoluminescent marking
Figure 8.1.8 - 1
Figure 8.1.8 - 2
1. Performance of Photoluminescent marking / tape
The basic function of photoluminescent marking / tape is to provide some luminance lighting at low level to aid evacuation of occupants under total power failure condition or low ambient lighting condition. Photoluminescent marking / tape shall be made of pigments that will absorb electrical or day lighting under normal ambient condition and emit light automatically in invisible wavelength and glow brightly upon
immediate depletion of light source.
As a guide, the Photoluminescent marking / tape should deliver a luminance level at least 800 mcd/m2 at 1 min after removal of light source and at least 80 mcd/m2 at 10 mins thereafter. The Photoluminescent marking / tape would remain visible after 6 hour at the luminance level of at least 1 mcd/m2.
2. Substrate of Photoluminescent marking / tape
For tape, direct printing of directional arrow in green on surface of vinyl or decal sticker with full photoluminescent background. For marking, direct printing of directional arrow, “EXIT” or exit legend. With green background on thin plastic or metal sheet or silk printed with green background on reverse side of thin transparent Perspex sheet.
For Photoluminescent nose strip, it shall be made of materials of the non-skid and able to resist abrasion and wear.
3. Method of fixing
The marking / tape could be affixed by strong adhesive glue on dry and smooth surface.
4. Product listing
Product listing requirement is not required at this point of time.
For buildings under PG III to VIII, where the emergency lighting and exit signs are not of the self-contained battery pack type, integral with the lighting and sign fittings, self-luminescent marking or tapes shall be provided to both edges of the treads and handrails and/or walls of the exit staircase. The rationale of the provision would ensure escape facilities are always visible during an emergency situation.
The purpose is to provide illumination for escape path in the event of a total power failure i.e. failure of both self-contained battery pack system and standby
generator provision in a building at the same time. Thus, the occupant groping in the dark is almost “impossible”. Both the provision would complement each other and facilitate orderly evacuation process.
a. In all buildings, except PG I & II, photoluminescent marking/ tape to guide occupants along evacuation routes to appropriate exit shall be provided:
(1) along internal walls and/ or floors of the exit staircase, smoke-free lobby and fire lift lobby;
(2) on the doors of smoke-free lobby, fire lift lobby and exit staircase; and
(3) along corridor with exit directional signs.
b. The width of photoluminescent marking or tape shall be at least 50mm and be placed at low level. The bottom of the low level sign shall not be less than 150mm or more than 400mm above the floor level.
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Explanations & Illustrations
Clause 8.1.8b. : Photo luminescent marking
Figure 8.1.8b. - 1 : Photo luminescent nose strip at the leading edge of stair riser
The strip shall be at least 50mm in width and to be placed at the leading edge of each stair rise.
Figure 8.1.8b. - 2
Figure 8.1.8b. - 3
In designated corridor with exit directional sign.
Applicable to building with fixed corridor leading to exit staircase, except hotel guest room floor where low level electrical exit directional sign is mandatory.
Photo luminescent exit directional sign with the word “EXIT” or Exit legend as per SS 508 and directional arrow with green ground printed on the surface or silk screened on reverse surface, along one side of the walls of the designated corridor. For long corridor, the photoluminescent exit directional sign shall be affixed at not more than 10m interval. Additional sign would be required at junctions.
The wall affixed sign shall be at least 300mm long and 150mm wide and be placed not less than 150mm or more than 400mm from the lobby landing level. Depending on the length and configuration of the designated corridor, numerous number of signs to be provided on one side of the walls with directional arrow pointing towards the exit direction within designated corridor.
Figure 8.1.8b. - 4
c. Omission of photoluminescent marking/ tape is permitted on the following conditions:
(1) the emergency power supply of the exit lightings, exit signs and directional signs in the above locations shall be self-contained battery pack (single point emergency lighting system) in compliance with SS 563 or central battery supply backed up by stand-by generator;
(2) there shall be at least 2 emergency luminaires in the smoke-free lobby, fire lift lobby and corridor with exit directional signs, such that no part of such spaces shall be left in total darkness should there be failure of any one of the emergency luminaires; and
(3) there shall be at least one emergency luminaire at every exit staircase landing.
